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PRIVATE WEATHER STATION IN KALAMARIA - THESSALONIKI - CENTRAL MACEDONIA - GREECE
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The Milky Way
And God said; Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven… Gen. 1,14
How many stars are there in the Universe?
So how many stars are there in the Universe? It is easy to ask this question, but difficult for scientists to give a fair answer!
It has been said that counting the stars in the Universe is like trying to count the number of sand grains on a beach on Earth. We might do that by measuring the surface area of the beach, and determining the average depth of the sand layer.
If we count the number of grains in a small representative volume of sand, by multiplication we can estimate the number of grains on the whole beach.
For the Universe, the galaxies are our small representative volumes, and there are something like 1011 to 1012 stars in our Galaxy, and there are perhaps something like 1011 to 1012 galaxies.
With this simple calculation you get something like 1022 to 1024 stars in the Universe. This is only a rough number, as obviously not all galaxies are the same, just like on a beach the depth of sand will not be the same in different places.
No one would try to count stars individually, instead we measure integrated quantities like the number and luminosity of galaxies. ESA’s infrared space observatory Herschel has made an important contribution by ‘counting’ galaxies in the infrared, and measuring their luminosity in this range – something never before attempted.
Knowing how fast stars form can bring more certainty to calculations. Herschel has also charted the formation rate of stars throughout cosmic history. If you can estimate the rate at which stars have formed, you will be able to estimate how many stars there are in the Universe today.
Stars are not scattered randomly through space, they are gathered together into vast groups known as galaxies. The Sun belongs to a galaxy called the Milky Way. Astronomers estimate there are about 100 thousand million stars in the Milky Way alone. Outside that, there are millions upon millions of other galaxies also!
The Cappadocian Church Fathers teach that God first creates the world and beautifies it like a palace, and then leads humanity into it. The genesis of the cosmos, is a mystery (mysterion) for the human mind, a genesis produced by the Word of God. As such, the world is a revelation of God (Rom. 1:19-20). Thus, when its intelligent inhabitants see it as cosmos, they come to learn about the Divine wisdom and the Divine energies. The cosmos is a coherent whole, a created synthesis, because all its elements are united and interrelated in time and space. A serious study of the mystery of creation, through faith, prayer, meditation and science, can help one see and appreciate the the integrity of creation.
The majestic spiral galaxy M51 (NGC 5194), 31 billion light years from Earth, ESA/Hubble, Source https://esahubble.org/images/archive/top100/
St. Basil the Great said:
“We should understand in the creation the original cause of the Father as a founding cause, the cause of the Son as a creative, and the cause of the Spirit as an implementing one.” Thus the Father is the “Creator of all things”, the Son is the one “through whom all things were made”, and the Holy Spirit is the one “in whom are all things”. “Everything that He (God the Creator) had made …was very good” (Gen. 1:31), because “first He conceived, and His conception was a work carried out by His Word, and perfectly by His Spirit.”
Creation is the action of the Son bringing God the Father’s desire into existence and the Holy Spirit perfecting it in goodness and beauty; the one calling the creation and leading it to the Father, and the other helping the creation to respond to His call and communicating perfection to it. Thus, the creation is the result of the close relationship and cooperation of the Holy Trinity. The community of three Persons participates actively in the execution of the whole of God’s plan.
The created world is distinct in essence from God. The world was brought into being out of non-being and not created out of an eternally existing material. Beholding the heavens and the earth, and seeing all that is there, you will understand that God has created it all from nothing (2 Macc. 7:28).
As St. Gregory of Nyssa affirms:
“It begins to be, and the very substance of the creation owes its beginning to change”. This transition from non-existence is a change brought about by God’s creative Word “who has established the world so that it shall not be moved” (Ps. 93:1).
The world did not form itself, but is dependent on the will of God. The world is a production of God’s free will, goodness, wisdom, love and omnipotence. God did not create out of necessity. God created so that other beings, glorifying Him, might be participants in His goodness.
The account of Creation in Genesis clearly shows us that the world does not exist eternally, but has appeared in time. Further, it did not appear in a single instant, but was created in sequence.
ESA/Hubble, AG Carinae, one of the brightest stars in our Galaxy, with a brightness 1000000 times that of our sun, at a distance of 20000 light-years from Earth. Source :https://esahubble.org/images/archive/top100/
Saint Gregory the Theologian says:
“There is a certain firstness, secondness, thirdness, and so on to the seventh day of rest from works, and by these days is divided all that is created, being brought into order by unutterable laws, but not produced in an instant, by the Almighty Word, for Whom to think or to speak means already to perform the deed. If man appeared in the world last, honored by the handiwork and image of God, this is not in the least surprising; since for him , as for a king, the royal dwelling had to be prepared and only then was the king to be led in, accompanied by all creatures.”
“The world was not conceived by chance and without reason, but for an useful end and for the great advantage of all beings, it is really the school where reasonable souls exercise themselves, the training ground where they learn to know God; by sight of visible and sensible things the mind is led, as by a hand, to the contemplation of invisible things.”
Saint Gregory of Nyssa writes,
“Scripture shows the vital forces blended with the world of matter according to a gradation: first, it infused itself into insensate nature; then advanced into the sentient world; then ascended to intelligent and rational beings…. The creation of man is related to coming last, who took up into himself every single form of life, both that of plants and that which is seen in animals. …what is perfect comes last, according to a certain necessary sequence in the order of things…
Thus we may suppose that nature makes an ascent as it were by steps–I mean the various properties of life–from the lower to the perfect form.”
The last, shocking New Year’s message given by Archbishop Christodoulos, on the eve of 2008…, December 2007 when the overworked Archbishop Christodoulos addresses the last message to the Greek people. It is as if he is addressing us today. A message that is timeless. It could very well have been Christodoulos’ message this year if he were still alive, although many believe that in such a case Greece would not have reached where it has reached. New Years Message 2008, December 28, 2007, Holy Archdiocese of Athens and All Greece, The Archbishop of Athens and All Greece Christodoulos, My dear children, If there is one thing in our lives that is not tamed, it is the perpetual …
Every year during New Year’s Eve Saint Basil (Santa Claus), travels from country to country, from city to city, from village to village and knocks on people’s doors to see who would invite him in with an open heart. One year then, he took his cane and headed off. He was like an ascetic monk, dressed in some old patched cassocks, with crudely made shoes on his feet, and with a bag passed over his shoulder. For this reason, people thought that he was a beggar, and they would not open their doors for him. Saint Basil, would then leave feeling very sad because he saw the heartlessness of people, and was thinking about the poor who beg because they …
It is customary for people to celebrate the end of time and the beginning of the next and to make various festivities. All this is beneficial, because in the life of man it is good to have these manifestations, so that there is no monotony in today’s life. However, we, as members of the church, must see things right in the spirit of our church and see how the church accepts and hires this event of time. We should, of course, see things through human logic only if we saw our lives in the margins of this world and of this century, when we spend a year to be sad, because every year that is spent is processed upon us …
Saint Athanasios says: “God became man, so that man become god.” We cannot believe only that God became man. For those who believe this – there are some who do not; let’s leave it to them – it is not enough that God became man, but that the purpose of God becoming man is to make man god. And it makes man a god. That is, he unites with man, communes with man and gives him this other, the peace from above, so to speak, this divine state. This is what man begins to feel from this world. At first a little, then more, then even more, until he’s ready and out of here. Leaving this world, and especially during …
What is the meaning and message of Christmas if we get away from the shiny wrappers, lights and consumerism? “Love” will certainly be said by everyone. These are days of love. “And on earth peace”: this is the message of Christmas. Although this answer is based on a great truth (love is indeed the foundation of all Christian celebrations and actions, when they are done correctly), this answer also does not reach the depth and truth of the holiday, as it is delivered to us by the spiritual our heritage and as expressed by the saints of Orthodoxy, but also by the great and holy poets and musicians who wrote the musical works (canons, stocks, other tropes) that we sing …
The technological evolution of mankind is the result of the wisdom of the world. It was created to “save” man. Most people today live according to the world’s ideas. The reality, however, is that this wisdom did not save the world. Because no man can find on earth something that has eternal value and satisfies man’s inner quests. Discoveries keep tightening his life and remind him and instill death in him every day. They deprive him of his freedom. They accumulate in his depth anxiety and insecurity and shake his confidence in everything. The latest test of the virus pandemic has generalized individual fear of death into global collective unrest. The modern man who lives the “obscenities” of European humanism, …
If we wished to conventionally define Christianity, as Orthodoxy, we would say it is the experiencing of the presence of the Uncreated (=of God) throughout history, and the potential of creation (=mankind) becoming God “by Grace”. Given the perpetual presence of God in Christ, in historical reality, Christianity offers mankind the possibility of theosis, just as Medical Science offers mankind the possibility of preserving or restoring his health through a specific therapeutic procedure and a specific way of life. The writer is in a position to appreciate the coincidence between the medical and ecclesiastic poemantic sciences, because, as a diabetic and a Christian, he is aware that in both cases, he has to faithfully abide by the rules that …
It is not an easy task for anyone to describe the glory of the Mother of God. It is also extremely difficult to put into words the virtues and holiness of the Living Temple of God, namely the Holy Theotokos. Now, let us investigate what the Bible says concerning the Theotokos. In Genesis, the first Book of the Old Testament, God promised Adam and Eve that from a virgin the Saviour of mankind shall be born, when He says to the serpent: “Because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle and all the brutes of the earth, on thy breast and belly thou shalt go, and thou shalt eat earth all the days of thy life. And …
Celebrating today the feast of the Entrance of the Theotokos into the Temple, somebody could ask what is the meaning of this event to us, beyond its historical record, especially if it is considered that this fact is not described in the Holy Bible, but it comes from the tradition of our Ecclesiastical calendars (Synaxarion), as it happens with the event of the Birth or the Dormition of the Theotokos. These great events, that are true, our Church comes and presents them. And I ask «Is it just a historical repetition of facts? Is it a remembrance?» To find the answer via the liturgical and interpretative ethos of our Church, we can examine at Evangelist Luke’s Gospel. As you know, …
The Orthodox Church throughout the ages has maintained a continuity of faith and love with the apostolic community which was founded by Christ and sustained by the Holy Spirit. Orthodoxy believes that she has preserved and taught the historic Christian Faith, free from error and distortion, from the time of the Apostles. She also believes that there is nothing in the body of her teachings which is contrary to truth or which inhibits real union with God. The air of antiquity and timelessness which often characterizes Eastern Christianity is an expression of her desire to remain loyal to the authentic. Christian Faith: Orthodoxy believes that the Christian Faith and the Church are inseparable. It is impossible …
Let’s start with the principals. Why did God choose to create the Cosmos? This is a question that has no answer and yet we can not help but ask. A possible way to answer this unanswered question is found in Saint Maximus the Confessor, when in “Chapters on Love” he speaks about this subject in terms of mutual joy: “God, full of all fullness, created His creatures, not because He needed anything, but so that they themselves could participate in His Existence according to their abilities; and He Himself should rejoice in His works seeing them. happy”. What Saint Maximos expresses here when talking about mutual joy, applies equally to mutual love. “God is love,” says the Evangelist John …
After the Armenian Genocide in 1915, the Turkish nationalists under Mustafa Kemal now had the whole field open in front of them to exterminate the Greeks. A select part of Hellenism lived in the north of Asia Minor, in the region of Pontus, after the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire. The conquest of Trebizond in 1461 by the Ottomans did not alter their minds and Greek conscience, although they lived cut off from the national body. They may have been a minority – 40% of the population, but they quickly dominated the economic life of the area, living mainly in urban areas. Their economic recovery was combined with their demographic and spiritual growth. In 1865 the Greeks of Pontus amounted …
And I answered I love Christ. “Christ is Risen – means: there really is a God. Christ is Risen – means: there really is a heavenly world, a real and immortal world. Christ is Risen – means: life is stronger than death. Christ is Risen – means: evil is weaker than good. Christ is Risen – means: all the good hopes of mankind are justified. Christ is Risen – means: all the problems of life are solved positively. All the problems of life were solved, the main and painful mysteries were solved, the chains of darkness and sorrows were broken, why? Because Christ is Risen !! Source
After the devil’s cataclysm, God’s sunshine will appear. Behind the worldly spirit of today’s “freedom,” the lack of respect for the Church of Christ, older people, parents and teachers who have fear of God, is hidden spiritual slavery, anxiety and anarchy which lead the world to an impasse, the destruction of man’s body and soul. Therefore, behind the perfect system of the computerised “convenience cards”, is hidden the universal dictatorship, the slavery of the Antichrist. Also “he causes all, both small and great, both rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or their foreheads, and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of …
I think there is no more depressing picture than seeing a man of God, being afraid to die or trying in any way to prolong his life. In this way he shows his unfaithfulness, the fearlessness of God, the undesirable of heaven. It shows that his soul did not worship God alive.
“And when you are in Church, you are truly in Heaven. Thus, when the earth crushes you with its hell, run to Church, enter within, and behold, you are within Paradise! If people bother you with their evil, take refuge in Church, and kneel before God, and He will take you under His sweet and all-powerful protection.” -St. Justin Popovich
“The time is coming when people will go crazy. And if they see anyone not acting foolishly, they will rise up against him, saying, “You are foolish.” And that will happen, because he will not be like them “.
“… While death was conquered by Christ and because of this victory, we make the biggest celebration, which is called Easter and we say Christ is risen from the dead, by death he hath overcome death, and to them in the graves hath he given life we continue to fear death and think that life ends with death … And we forget that Christ IS THE WINNER OF DEATH, HE IS THE WINNER OF SIN, HE IS THE WINNER OF THE DEVIL …” Metropolitan of Morphou Neophytos, 26/11/2021
“The cowardice of death is a natural idiom of man, which is due to the obedience of Adam. But the terror of death proves that there are sins for which no repentance was shown. “ Agios Ioannis of Klimakos The fear we often show in the face of death should concern us. Fear can be justified because you are human: it is a natural idiom of man after he has fallen into sin. And this is a clear proof that we were not created to die. Immortality was the perspective of man, within the framework of his creation “in the image and likeness of God”. If death was in the original will of God, then we should normally rejoice in …
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